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Presentify definition3/11/2023 Otherness emerges in part from the activity of the psyche itself. In his 1975 work, L'institution imaginaire de la société (Imaginary Institution of Society), and in Les carrefours du labyrinthe (Crossroads in the Labyrinth), published in 1978, Castoriadis began to develop his distinctive understanding of historical change as the emergence of irrecoverable otherness that must always be socially instituted and named in order to be recognized. He trained as a psychoanalyst and began to practice in 1974. In 1969 Castoriadis split from the EFP with the "Quatrième groupe". When Jacques Lacan's disputes with the International Psychoanalytical Association led to a split and the formation of the École Freudienne de Paris in 1964, Castoriadis became a member (as a non-practitioner). In the latter years of Socialisme ou Barbarie, Castoriadis came to reject the Marxist theories of economics and of history, especially in an essay on Modern Capitalism and Revolution (first published in Socialisme ou Barbarie, 1960–61 first London Solidarity English translation, 1963). His work in the OECD substantially helped his analyses. Castoriadis was particularly influential in the turn of the intellectual left during the 1950s against the Soviet Union, because he argued that the Soviet Union was not a communist, but rather a bureaucratic state, which contrasted with Western powers mostly by virtue of its centralized power apparatus. Consequently, his writings prior to that date were published pseudonymously, as Pierre Chaulieu, Paul Cardan, etc. Career as economist and distancing from MarxismĪt the same time, he worked as an economist at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development until 1970, which was also the year when he obtained French citizenship. Also strongly influenced by Castoriadis and Socialisme ou Barbarie were the British group and journal Solidarity and Maurice Brinton. Castoriadis had links with the group around C.L.R. He then joined Claude Lefort and others in founding the libertarian socialist group and the journal Socialisme ou Barbarie (1949–1966), which included Jean-François Lyotard and Guy Debord as members for a while, and profoundly influenced the French intellectual left. Once in Paris, Castoriadis joined the Trotskyist Parti Communiste Internationaliste, but broke with it by 1948. After earning degrees in political science, economics and law from the University of Athens, he sailed to Paris, where he remained permanently, to continue his studies under a scholarship offered by the French Institute. During the December 1944 violent clashes between the communist-led ELAS and the Papandreou government, aided by British troops, Castoriadis heavily criticized the actions of the KKE. In 1944 he wrote his first essays on social science and Max Weber, which he published in a magazine named "Archive of Sociology and Ethics" ( Archeion Koinoniologias kai Ithikis). The latter action resulted in his persecution by both the Germans and the Communist Party. In 1941 he joined the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), only to leave one year later in order to become an active Trotskyist. His first active involvement in politics occurred during the Metaxas Regime (1937), when he joined the Athenian Communist Youth ( Kommounistiki Neolaia). He developed an interest in politics after he came into contact with Marxist thought and philosophy at the age of 13. 7.2 Bibliographies analyses critiquesĬastoriadis was born in Constantinople and his family moved in 1922 to Athens.2.4 The Ancient Greeks and the Modern West.1.3 Career as economist and distancing from Marxism.
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